Ekonomi Politik, Migrasi dan Populisme: Dilema Jerman dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Demografi dan Stabilitas Nasional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v27i1/3973Keywords:
Ekonomi Politik, Konstruktivisme, Migrasi, Pekerja Migran, Jerman, Krisis Demografis, Stabilitas NasionalAbstract
Artikel ini menganalisis pendekatan ekonomi politik pada kebijakan migrasi Jerman, dengan mengevaluasi bagaimana negara tersebut memitigasi kebutuhan yang mendesak akan tenaga kerja dengan tantangan terhadap stabilitas domestik. Penelitian ini berargumen bahwa meskipun kebijakan migrasi tenaga kerja telah menjadi pilar penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi Jerman, keberhasilan integrasi ekonomi para migran secara kontradiksi justru memicu polarisasi politik yang mengancam integrasi sosial. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif yang menganalisis kebijakan-kebijakan, laporan ekonomi dan data sekunder, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa migrasi memberikan kontribusi fiskal yang signifikan dan meningkatkan potensi produksi dengan mengisi kesenjangan keterampilan, terutama di sektor STEM. Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi Jerman berjalan secara paralel dengan meningkatnya tantangan terhadap stabilitas nasional, yang ditandai dengan menguatnya sentimen anti-migrasi dan naiknya dukungan elektoral untuk partai populis sayap kanan seperti AfD. Implikasinya, kebijakan migrasi Jerman merepresentasikan sebuah dilema dalam ekonomi politiknya, di mana keberhasilan ekonomi yang didukung oleh migrasi tidak secara langsung menghasilkan stabilitas politik
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