Artificial Intelligence dan Ancaman Pelanggaran Hak Anak di Ruang Digital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/dohgisin.4379Keywords:
artificial intelligence, hak anak, perlindungan anak, ruang digitalAbstract
Perkembangan Artificial Intelligence (AI) telah menghadirkan tantangan hukum baru dalam perlindungan hak anak di ruang digital, terutama terkait pengambilan keputusan otomatis, personalisasi konten, serta pengumpulan dan pemrosesan data anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kecukupan kerangka hukum positif Indonesia dalam melindungi hak anak dari ancaman penggunaan AI di ruang digital serta mengkaji relevansi prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak sebagai dasar tata kelola AI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual, melalui analisis terhadap Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak, Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, serta Undang-Undang Perlindungan Data Pribadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan hukum yang ada masih bersifat fragmentaris dan belum secara khusus mengatur AI, khususnya terkait automated decision-making, profiling anak, serta kewajiban hukum penyelenggara sistem AI. Ketiadaan definisi hukum AI, lemahnya mekanisme pengawasan, dan tidak adanya pengaturan tanggung jawab khusus terhadap perlindungan anak menyebabkan perlindungan hak anak di ruang digital belum optimal. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak (best interest of the child) memiliki peran strategis sebagai dasar normatif dalam desain, penggunaan, regulasi, dan penegakan hukum terhadap AI, serta menjadi landasan penting bagi reformasi hukum nasional yang berorientasi pada perlindungan hak anak dan hak asasi manusia.
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