Peran Assurance ESG oleh Auditor Eksternal dalam Mengurangi Greenwashing: Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/jfor.v27i1/4407Keywords:
Assurance ESG, Greenwashing, Audit EskternalAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan secara sistematis bukti empiris mengenai peran assurance ESG oleh auditor eksternal dalam mengurangi greenwashing serta menjelaskan mekanisme dan kondisi yang menentukan efektivitasnya. Studi menggunakan pendekatan systematic literature review dengan kerangka SPIDER untuk merumuskan fokus kajian dan PRISMA 2020 untuk menyeleksi literatur. Pencarian dilakukan pada basis data Scopus untuk periode 2019-2024 dan menghasilkan 20 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi untuk dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa assurance ESG berpotensi menekan greenwashing melalui penguatan kredibilitas pengungkapan, penurunan decoupling antara narasi dan kinerja, serta pengurangan asimetri informasi (khususnya pada pengungkapan karbon). Namun, assurance tidak selalu efektif bila bersifat simbolik, misalnya ruang lingkup sempit, prosedur dangkal, atau independensi yang lemah, sehingga berisiko hanya menciptakan kesan akuntabilitas. Efektivitas assurance meningkat ketika kualitas engagement tinggi, pemilihan penyedia assurance bereputasi didukung tata kelola yang kuat, serta ketika auditor memanfaatkan bukti eksternal dan teknologi (mis. pendekatan Audit 4.0)
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