COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIOECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF RICE FARMERS AND OIL PALM FARMERS IN KUTAI KARTANEGARA REGENCY
Keywords:
socioeconomic characteristics, rice farmers, oil palm farmers, landholding size, farming patternAbstract
This study aimed to compare the socioeconomic characteristics of rice farmers and oil palm farmers in Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The study used a descriptive-comparative approach based on tabulated survey data of 127 farmers, consisting of 85 rice farmers and 42 oil palm farmers. The observed variables included age, education level, landholding size, and farming pattern. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in the form of frequencies and percentages, while differences in distribution between farmer groups were examined using the chi-square test. The results showed that both groups were dominated by farmers of productive age, although rice farmers had a higher proportion in the 30-49 year age category (69.41%) than oil palm farmers (54.76%). Educational distribution differed significantly between groups (p=0.035), where rice farmers were concentrated at the junior high school level, while oil palm farmers were dominated by senior high school graduates. Landholding size also differed significantly (p<0.001): rice farmers were mostly found on 1-2 hectare holdings, whereas oil palm farmers had a larger proportion of holdings above 2 hectares. In the overall farming pattern, monokulture oil palm and rice-horticulture intercropping were the most common forms. These findings indicate that the structure of farmer resources and production orientation differs between rice and oil palm farming, thus requiring commodity-specific agricultural development policies.
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