PROFILE OF CROSSBRED INDONESIAN NATIVE CHICKEN BREEDING ENTERPRISES IN SAMARINDA CITY, EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA
Keywords:
crossbred native chicken, breeding enterprise, smallholder farm, breeding stock, SamarindaAbstract
Crossbred Indonesian native chicken breeding is practiced by smallholder farmers to produce breeding stock, hatching eggs, and day-old chicks (DOC), but information on the characteristics of these enterprises at the local level remains limited. This study aimed to characterize crossbred Indonesian native chicken breeding enterprises in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia, based on flock size, chicken types maintained, parent stock composition, management system, and production objectives. A descriptive observational study was conducted on five purposively selected breeding enterprises. Data were collected through direct observation and interviews with farmers or farm managers and analyzed descriptively. Four enterprises maintained 100–300 chickens, while one maintained fewer than 100 chickens. The chicken types maintained varied among enterprises and included KUB, Joper (Jowo Super), Black Australorp, Merawang, Indio Gigante, Elba, Shamo, Arab Chicken, White Leghorn, Plymouth Rock, Indoensian native chicken, and Bangkok chicken. Female breeders ranged from 30 to 50 birds and male breeders from 5 to 10 birds, with female-to-male ratios ranging from 4.29:1 to 6:1. Four enterprises used intensive management, whereas one used a semi-intensive system. All enterprises produced DOC, while three produced hatching eggs and two provided breeding stock. This study provides a baseline profile of crossbred Indonesian native chicken breeding enterprises in Samarinda City, highlighting variation in flock size, chicken types maintained, parent stock composition, management systems, and production objectives. The findings may support more targeted breeding management and future studies on reproductive performance, hatchery practices, DOC quality, and enterprise development.
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