ALASAN ITALIA MENGHENTIKAN EKSPOR SENJATA KE ARAB SAUDI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/RGJ.v27i1/3659Keywords:
Italia, Ekspor Senjata, Arab SaudiAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan latar belakang dan keputusan yang diambil oleh pemerintah Italia terhadap pemerintah Arab Saudi, yaitu keputusan Italia untuk menghentikan ekspor senjata ke Arab Saudi. Dengan jenis penelitian eksplanatori, penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah kualitatif. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori Neoliberalisme, dengan beberapa konsep yang berasal dari teori ini, seperti konsep hak asasi manusia dan konsep gerakan sosial. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam keputusan pemerintah Italia, terdapat banyak faktor yang dipertimbangkan terkait dengan hak asasi manusia, konflik Yaman, dan juga gerakan masyarakat, yang pada akhirnya membuat Italia memutuskan untuk menghentikan ekspor mereka ke Arab Saudi
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