IDENTIFICATION OF UNSAFE ACTIONS AND UNSAFE CONDITIONS AS FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS AMONG FISHERMEN: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

Fishing is a high-risk occupation due to exposure to hazardous work practices, dynamic sea conditions, and limited safety facilities. This study aimed to identify unsafe actions and unsafe conditions as occupational hazard factors among fishermen. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA approach. Articles were searched in online databases, primarily Google Scholar, using relevant keywords. Inclusion criteria were full-text scientific articles published from 2016 to 2025 that discussed unsafe actions, unsafe conditions, or occupational accidents among fishermen. From 152 articles identified, 13 met the criteria for analysis. The review showed that unsafe actions were the most factor, such as failing to wear PPE, working while fatigued, disregarding procedures, smoking, and operating equipment improperly. Unsafe conditions included extreme weather, high waves, slippery vessel floors, inadequate maintenance, and limited safety equipment. These two factors were interrelated and increased the risk of accidents. This study concluded that occupational hazards among fishermen were shaped by the interaction between individual behavior, vessel conditions, marine environment, and the availability of safety facilities. Prevention strategies included safety training, supervision, and the provision and maintenance of safety facilities.