Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology is a scientific journal published by the Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Mulawarman. The journal serves as a platform for researchers, academics, and public health professionals to disseminate high-quality research in the field of epidemiology. The Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology focuses on various epidemiological studies, including but not limited to infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, environmental and occupational epidemiology, health surveillance, biostatistics applications in epidemiology, and public health interventions. The journal aims to contribute to the advancement of epidemiological science and its application in public health policies and programs. The journal follows a double-blind peer-review process to ensure the quality and credibility of the published articles. It accepts original research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and short communications related to epidemiology and public health.
Environmental Risk Factors, Larval Indices, and Dengue Prevention Behaviors in Pelita Village, Samarinda Ilir District, Indonesia
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) remained a major public health problem in Indonesia, with 114,720 reported cases and 894 deaths in 2023. In the working area of Sidomulyo Primary Health Center, DHF cases increased from 21 cases in 2023 to 68 cases in 2024. This study aimed to describe environmental risk factors, larval presence, and dengue prevention behaviors among residents of Pelita Village, Samarinda Ilir District. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using a rapid epidemiological survey approach from April to May 2026. A total of 210 respondents were selected through cluster sampling from 30 clusters. The results showed that 97.62% of respondents had never experienced DHF, while 27.62% reported close contact with DHF patients. The Larvae Free Index was 52.38%, substantially below the national target of 95%. Most respondents demonstrated good knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding dengue prevention; however, mosquito larvae, potential breeding sites, and several suboptimal preventive practices were still identified. It was concluded that environmental and behavioral factors potentially supporting DHF transmission remained present in Pelita Village, highlighting the need to strengthen mosquito breeding site control programs and sustain community participation.
Copyright (c) 2026 Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
A Study on Dental and Oral Health Knowledge and Behavior of Fourth to Sixth Graders in Gunung Bahagia, Balikpapan.
Dental and oral problems, especially dental caries, can be influenced by several crucial factors, e.g., environment, health care, behaviour, knowledge, and heredity. Knowledge and behaviour are imperative and have a part in determining the dental care and dental hygiene of a person. According to the data from Basic Health Research (Riset Kesehatan Dasar – Riskesdas) of 2018, 96.5% of children aged 10-14 had brushed their teeth daily, but only 2.1% knew and could brush their teeth at the right time. Objective: to investigate the knowledge level and dental and oral care behaviour, in elementary school students in grades IV-VI. Methods: This research is a quantitative research with the sampling method used is proportionate stratified random sampling. The data collection technique used a questionnaire distributed to elementary school students in grades IV-VI. Results: From 311 samples consisted of elementary students grade IV-VI in Gunung Bahagia Ward, 97.4% (n=303) of the samples had good level of knowledge and 48.9% (n=152) of the samples had moderate category in dental and oral care behaviour. Conclusion: The level of knowledge and behavior of dental and oral health care for elementary school students in grades IV-VI in Gunung Bahagia, Balikpapan City is in good condition.
Risk Factors for Hepatitis B in Sidomulyo Subdistrict, Samarinda City
Hepatitis B is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) that can progress to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer if not properly managed. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with Hepatitis B disease and their relationship with Hepatitis B vaccination history in the working area of Sidomulyo Primary Health Center, Samarinda Ilir District, Samarinda. A cross-sectional design with a rapid epidemiological survey approach was employed. Cluster sampling was used to recruit 210 respondents, and data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using Chi-Square tests. The results showed that the majority of respondents were adults (97.1%), female (79.5%), had senior high school education (61.9%), and earned less than IDR 2 million per month (56.2%). A total of 75.7% had no history of Hepatitis B vaccination, and only 11.0% had received complete doses. Chi-Square analysis revealed significant associations between blood transfusion history (p=0.038), surgical history (p=0.007), and education level (p=0.004) with Hepatitis B vaccination history. No significant associations were found for sex, hemodialysis history, tattoo history, or sharing personal items. In conclusion, Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults remains very low. Community-based vaccination programs and intensive health education are urgently needed, particularly targeting low-education and low-income groups.
Maternal Characteristics Associated with LARC Adoption: A National Analysis from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey
While the national contraceptive prevalence rate in Indonesia has reached 62.4%, the utilisation of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARCs) remains remarkably low at only 25.5%. The present study sought to analyse the relationship between maternal characteristics and the selection of contraceptive methods among women of childbearing age in Indonesia. The present study utilised a cross-sectional design and analysed secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (IHS), which comprised a sample of 33,054 respondents. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test revealed that risk reproductive age (OR=1.604), higher education (OR=2.069), formal sector employment (OR=1.946), and multiparous status (OR=1.532) were statistically significantly associated with higher LARC adoption (p<0.001). The findings indicated that sociodemographic factors and reproductive history consistently emerged as primary predictors in determining the stability of the chosen contraceptive method. The findings of this study indicate that maternal characteristics, encompassing age, educational attainment, occupational status, and parity, exert a substantial influence on maternal decisions regarding the adoption of long-acting contraception in Indonesia.
Analysis of Factors Associated with Hypertension Self-Management Among the Elderly at Samarinda Kota Community Health Center
Hypertension is a degenerative disease whose prevalence continues to increase, particularly among the elderly population. Based on the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey data, the prevalence of hypertension in East Kalimantan reached approximately half a million people, with a high number of cases in Samarinda City, especially within the working area of the Samarinda Kota Community Health Center. This study aimed to analyze factors associated with hypertension self-management among elderly patients at the Samarinda Kota Community Health Center. The factors examined included knowledge, self-efficacy, family support, healthcare provider support, medication adherence, and blood pressure. This study employed an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted in 2025, involving 117 elderly respondents selected using a cluster sampling technique. The findings of this study identified associations between knowledge, self-efficacy, family support, healthcare provider support, medication adherence, and blood pressure with hypertension self-management among the elderly at the Samarinda Kota Community Health Center. Hypertension is often referred to as a “silent killer” because it can affect anyone and typically presents without specific symptoms. Age-related decreases in vascular elasticity make the elderly more susceptible to hypertension. Adopting appropriate lifestyle practices plays a crucial role in maintaining normal blood pressure levels.
BPJS Kesehatan Deactivation Policies: An Online Media Content Analysis in Indonesia
The issue of membership deactivation intensified markedly in early 2026 when the Indonesian government announced the deactivation of health insurance coverage for approximately 11 million recipients of government-subsidized contributions (PBI BPJS) as of February 1, 2026. Understanding how the BPJS Kesehatan deactivation policy is framed across prominent online media platforms is therefore a matter of both academic and policy significance. This study was a qualitative study of online news portal content that aims to evaluate the discourse surrounding the deactivation policy of BPJS Kesehatan in Indonesia. The research sample consists of national online media news about BPJS Kesehatan deactivation policy published January 1, 2026 until April 30, 2026. The researcher used the keyword “BPJS non aktif” and searched five online news portals. MAXQDA software was also used as a data analysis tool in this study. Features used included Word Cloud and word frequency to understand the main concepts. The results showed that there were six dominant topics in the coverage of well-known online media in Indonesia related to BPJS Kesehatan deactivation policy. The topic of partial solution was the most dominant topic with 26 quotes.
Distribution Pattern Of Dengue Fever Cases Based On The Distribution Of Aedes Aegypti With Wolbachia In Bontang City In 2023–2024
This study aims to analyze the spatial distribution of dengue incidence and the implementation of the Aedes aegypti Wolbachia program in Bontang City. A descriptive ecological design with a spatial analysis approach was used, utilizing secondary data from the Bontang City Health Office during 2023–2024. Prior to the intervention, high incidence rates (IR) were observed in several sub-districts, particularly Gunung Telihan, Bontang Lestari, Berbas Pantai, and Kanaan, indicating active transmission hotspots. During the early phase of the program, IR remained fluctuating, with increases observed in areas such as Berbas Tengah and Gunung Telihan. However, in subsequent periods, a general decline in IR was identified in several high-risk areas, including Gunung Telihan and Kanaan. The distribution of Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes showed a gradual increase over time, especially in sub-districts such as Belimbing, Kanaan, and Tanjung Laut, although fluctuations were still observed in some locations. Overall, the findings suggest that the Wolbachia program contributed to reducing dengue transmission, despite variations in its spatial distribution across sub-districts.
Surveillance of Communicable Disease Incidence of Diarrhea in The Working Area of Puskesmas Samarinda Kota
Diarrhea is one of the non-communicable diseases in Indonesia with a considerably high incidence rate, particularly among vulnerable age groups. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of surveillance on communicable disease incidence, namely diarrheal disease, in the working area of Puskesmas Samarinda Kota. This study used a descriptive quantitative survey design, conducted in May 2025 in Kelurahan Bugis, Kecamatan Samarinda Kota. A total of 30 respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through direct questionnaires and processed using IBM SPSS Statistics software. The results showed that 50% of respondents were toddlers, 96.7% had watery stools, 53.3% defecated more than four times per day, and 96.7% experienced sudden onset of diarrhea. All respondents used packaged water as their drinking water source, 96.7% used tap water (PDAM) for daily needs, 60% had habits of eating outside the home, and 80% lived in densely populated alleyways. A total of 86.7% of respondents sought care at health facilities, predominantly at Puskesmas Samarinda Kota (73.3%). Diarrhea in the working area of Puskesmas Samarinda Kota remains a major public health problem, particularly among toddlers, with poor environmental sanitation and the habit of eating outside the home as the main risk factors.
Implementation of Ministry of Health Regulation No. 2/2025 on Reproductive Health
Ministry of Health Regulation Number 2 of 2025 on Reproductive Health is a strategic regulation aimed at ensuring the fulfillment of reproductive health rights for all individuals, including adolescents, couples of reproductive age, pregnant and breastfeeding women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities. This study employs a literature review method to examine the implementation of the regulation based on various previous studies discussing programs, challenges, and the impact of reproductive health services in Indonesia. The findings indicate that although the regulation provides a comprehensive framework for health service providers, its implementation remains inconsistent across regions. Major challenges include the limited availability of trained human resources, inadequate infrastructure, and low reproductive health literacy among the public. On the other hand, several best practices have been identified, such as school-based health education, the use of digital media for public outreach, and youth empowerment programs. Based on the reviewed literature, this study recommends more integrated, evidence-based implementation strategies, enhanced capacity-building for health workers, and stronger cross-sectoral collaboration to achieve inclusive and equitable reproductive health services
Pattern of Providing Complementary Foods Among Undernutriton Children in The Hunduhon Community Health Center Working Area in Banggai Regency
Inadequate parenting is a significant factor contributing to malnutrition in toddlers. Dietary parenting is a component of nutritional parenting, reflected in maternal breastfeeding and complementary foods practices. This study aimed to describe complementary foods (MP-ASI) practices among undernutrition children in the Hunduhon Community Health Center in 2026. This is a descriptive study. The sample size was 37 undernutrition children 0-23 Months, representing the total population of undernutrition children in the Hunduhon Community Health Center working area in 2026. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis. Results: 82% of undernutrition children were given complementary foods that were not in accordance with the recommended age. Meanwhile, those given according to the recommended age were only 18%. 80% were given local complementary foods. While those given manufactured complementary foods were only 20%. 58% were given complementary foods in a form that was not in accordance with their age. While those given according to their age were 42%. 94% of undernutrition children were given complementary foods with a frequency that was not in accordance with their age, while those given complementary foods with a frequency that was in accordance with their age were only 6%. Most undernutrition children have MP-ASI patterns that are not in accordance with health recommendations. Health education and counseling efforts are needed regarding the importance of MP-ASI giving patterns at the age of 6-24 that are in accordance with health recommendations
Understanding Toxoplasmosis in Reproductive-Age Women: Determinants of Infection and Evidence-Based Mitigation Approaches
Toxoplasmosis remains a persistent public health concern among women of reproductive age due to the risk of congenital transmission and severe fetal outcomes. This narrative review aimed to synthesize recent evidence on infection determinants and evaluate evidence-based strategies to mitigate risks, addressing persistent gaps in awareness and intervention efficacy. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for studies published between 2016 and 2025. The findings reveal substantial geographic variation in seroprevalence, influenced by environmental conditions, cultural practices, and socioeconomic disparities. Higher infection rates were consistently reported among older, multiparous, rural, and less-educated women. Key risk factors included consumption of contaminated water, undercooked meat, and poor hygiene practices, while associations with cat ownership were inconsistent. Overall, knowledge and awareness of toxoplasmosis were low among women and healthcare providers. Although educational interventions and antenatal screening demonstrated potential benefits, their effectiveness remains insufficiently evaluated. Integrated, context-specific prevention strategies are urgently needed to reduce infection risk and prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.
Copyright (c) 2025 Panakeia Journal of Epidemiology
A Qualitative Study of Online Media Narratives on The Primary Service Integration Program in Indonesia in 2024
There is a new regulation in bringing health services closer to the community, namely Primary Service Integration (ILP), which is an important part of the transformation of the health system in primary care initiated by the Ministry of Health. This study was a qualitative study of online news portal content that aims to explain ILP policy in Indonesia. The research sample consists of national online media news about ILP policy published between January and June 2024. The researcher used the keyword ‘ILP’ and searched two online news portals. MAXQDA software was also used as a data analysis tool in this study. Features used included Word Cloud and word frequency to understand the main concepts. The results showed that there were four dominant topics in the coverage of well-known online media in Indonesia related to ILP policy in Indonesia. The topic of expectations related to ILP was the most dominant topic with 12 quotes
Body Mapping As Risk Factors For Non-Communicable Disease In East Borneo
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly hypertension, pose a significant health concern in East Kalimantan, with a national prevalence of 34.1% among individuals aged ≥ 18 years. The underutilization of spatial data frequently gives rise to interventions that are not targeted with optimal precision. The objective of this study is to map the incidence of hypertension and its risk factors in 10 districts/cities in East Kalimantan Province. This study employs a descriptive approach to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors. The data were collected from the Indonesian Healthy Application for Non-Communicable Diseases (ASIK) program. The sample in this study consisted of all 10 districts/cities in East Kalimantan Province that have implemented the ASIK NCD information system program in 2024. The analysis was conducted using descriptive methods and presented in the following forms: narrative, tabular, and mapping. These data were analyzed using the QGIS application. The analysis revealed that the highest prevalence of hypertension was observed in Penajam Paser Utara (36.5%) and Samarinda (36.0%), while the largest absolute case burden was identified in Kutai Kartanegara (84,335 individuals). The analysis revealed significant disparities in risk factors, with Mahakam Ulu District exhibiting predominance in nearly all domains, including insufficient physical activity (70.7%), alcohol consumption (25.5%), obesity (34.5%), and smoking (22.7%). In conclusion, the distribution of hypertension in East Kalimantan is fairly even, but it is driven by different risk determinants across regions. This makes it challenging to implement uniform prevention strategies.
Factors Influencing Compliance with Iron Supplementation Among Female Adolescents in Senior High Schools, Samarinda City, 2025
Anemia in adolescent girls is a significant health problem due to increased iron requirements during puberty. Iron supplements are an important intervention, but previous studies have shown that 58.4% of adolescent girls have low compliance rates. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes toward iron supplement consumption among high school students in Samarinda City. This study used a cross-sectional design involving 466 respondents from three secondary schools. Data were collected through an online questionnaire covering knowledge, attitude, and TTD consumption variables. Results showed that 47.2% of respondents had very good knowledge and 90.3% had a positive attitude. Bivariate analysis showed no significant relationship between knowledge and TTD consumption (OR = 1.039; 95% CI: 0.680–1.587; p = 0.860). Conversely, attitude showed a significant relationship, where students with negative attitudes were less likely to consume TTD (OR = 1.613; 95% CI: 1.052–2.471; p = 0.028). These findings indicate that attitude has a greater influence than knowledge in promoting TTD consumption behavior. Interventions to improve TTD consumption compliance should focus on fostering positive attitudes among adolescent girls.
Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Across Age Groups in Urban Indonesia: A WHO STEPS-Based Study
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health concern, with risk factors increasingly observed among younger populations. To describe and compare behavioral and biological NCD risk factors among adolescents (15–19 years), young adults (20–24 years), and adults (25–59 years) in Samarinda, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 242 respondents using the WHO STEPS questionnaire, covering behavioral factors (tobacco, alcohol, physical activity, diet) and biological factors (BMI, blood pressure, blood glucose, cholesterol). Smoking was highest among young adults (22.2%) versus adolescents (9.3%) and adults (17.7%). Adolescents reported relatively higher alcohol use (12.4%). Young adults showed more sedentary behavior (40%). Fruit consumption was inadequate across all groups. Overweight/obesity prevalence increased with age: adolescents (19.4%), young adults (24.4%), adults (54.4%). Adults showed higher hypertension (44.1%) and high cholesterol (35.3%). Behavioral risks emerge during adolescence, while biological risks accumulate with age. Early prevention targeting youth through community-based education and health monitoring is essential.
An Assessment of Sanitation Facilities in Places of Worship in Samarinda City
Places of worship are intensively used public facilities, and inadequate environmental quality may heighten the risk of disease transmission. Monitoring of sanitation compliance in such facilities remains limited, particularly in densely populated residential areas with greater environmental vulnerability. This study aimed to describe environmental health conditions and sanitation facilities in places of worship situated in densely populated areas of Samarinda City, Indonesia. A descriptive observational design was applied using a sanitation assessment checklist covering location, building conditions, clean water, wastewater disposal, solid waste management, latrine conditions, ventilation, lighting, and worship facilities. A total of 20 worship places were evaluated, and data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies, percentages, and mean scores. Results showed that all sites (100%) achieved scores ≥7000, indicating compliance with sanitation requirements, with an average score of 12,535. Clean water availability, flooring, wall conditions, and ventilation were the best-performing aspects (100%). However, deficiencies were observed in lighting (80%), sealed wastewater channels (65%), and standardized temporary waste storage (50%). Overall, sanitation conditions were good, although improvements in lighting and waste management remain necessary.
Description of Knowledge, Behavior, and Environment With the Incidence of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Children Under Five Years at Puskesmas Trauma Center
Acute respiratory infections (ARI) remain one of the leading causes of illness in children under five years of age, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. However, few studies have examined how parents' knowledge, behavior, and environmental factors together influence the occurrence of ARI. This study used a quantitative descriptive design with a cross-sectional approach, conducted at the Puskesmas Trauma Center in Samarinda from June to July 2025. Thirty-one parents of children under five years of age diagnosed with ARI were selected through accidental sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The results showed that most respondents had good knowledge about ARI prevention, but their preventive behaviors were inconsistent, such as exposure to secondhand smoke and the use of masks. Environmental risks such as household waste burning and indoor air pollution were still commonly found. These findings indicate that having good knowledge alone is not sufficient to reduce ARI cases without behavioral changes and support from the environment. This study highlights the importance of integrated public health education and environmental interventions to effectively prevent ARI in children under five years of age.
Prediabetes and Diabetes Alert : Check Your Blood Glucose
The risk factors for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are known and simple to assess. A strong chain of evidence exists for the benefıts of early identifıcation of and intervention on prediabetes and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of patients with prediabetes and T2DM in public health center, Depok, West Java. The study’s characteristics were age, sex, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). The study design uses descriptive studies. The study population was all people with diabetes mellitus is one in the public health center, Depok, West Java. This study sample was people who checking blood glucose in January 2020 to April 2021 in the public health centers, 238 patients. The sampling technique is by using non-random sampling. The results showed that people aged over 55 years 55.5%, female sex 67.2%, based on IFG 42.8% with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 32.4% with prediabetes, based on IGT 27.3% with T2DM and 11.8% with prediabetes. The study population’s conclusions were all people with prediabetes and diabetes mellitus in the public health center, Depok, West Java, aged over 55 years, female sex, IFG, and IGT.
Hypertension in the Kutai Community in Penyinggahan Village, West Kutai Regency. Is There a Relationship with Physical Activity? A Cross-Sectional Study
Hypertension is a major health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence rate of 39.3% in East Kalimantan, including in West Kutai Regency. This study aims to analyze the relationship between consumption of high-risk foods and beverages and physical activity with the incidence of hypertension among the Kutai people in the working area of the Penyinggahan Health Center. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 with a sample of 140 respondents aged 30–64 years selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using FFQ and IPAQ questionnaires and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact Test), and multivariate (Logistic Regression) methods. The results showed that 51.4% of respondents suffered from hypertension, with significant associations found with high-risk BMI (p=0.000; OR=3.699), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p<0.05), and consumption of fat, oil, salt, and sugar (p<0.05). No significant relationships were found with protein, fiber, potassium, fruits, vegetables, age, gender, or ethnicity. In conclusion, high-risk BMI, inadequate physical activity, and dietary patterns low in protein, fiber, and potassium are dominant risk factors for hypertension among the Kutai people.
Trends And Patterns of Maternal Referrals from Ciawi Community Health Center To Referral Facilities In 2024
Maternal referral is a vital component of maternal healthcare systems, particularly at the primary care level such as community health centers (Puskesmas). This study aims to analyze the trends and referral patterns of maternal cases from Puskesmas Ciawi to higher-level healthcare facilities throughout the year 2024. The method used is descriptive quantitative research based on secondary data collected from monthly records of childbirth services (partus) and referral forms for pregnant and laboring mothers. Analysis focuses on the number of deliveries and referrals per month, the most common medical indications, and the frequently referred-to facilities. The results show monthly fluctuations in maternal referrals, with the highest peak in December. The number of referrals does not always correlate with the number of births, suggesting that clinical risks are the main drivers of referral decisions. The most frequent diagnoses include preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), obstructed labor, and antepartum hemorrhage. Most patients were referred to RSUD Ciawi as the primary network hospital. The study also found that BPJS (National Health Insurance) covered the majority of deliveries and referrals, highlighting its essential role in facilitating maternal care access. In conclusion, the maternal referral system at Puskesmas Ciawi functions fairly effectively, although strengthening the referral network, logistics, and staff capacity remains necessary. Recommendations include periodic evaluation of the referral system, regular training for healthcare workers, and the optimization of technology-based referral coordination.
The influence of nutrition knowledge, Energy intake and family income level on the nutritional status of the elderly
The elderly are an age group that is vulnerable to health problems, including nutritional problems, due to the physiological and socioeconomic changes that accompany the aging process. Poor nutritional status in the elderly can increase the risk of chronic diseases, reduce quality of life, and burden the family. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that influence nutritional status in the elderly, especially in rural areas. This study aims to analyse the effect of nutritional knowledge, energy consumption, and family income level on the nutritional status of the elderly in Pagongan Village. The study used an observational method with a cross-sectional design and involved 40 elderly respondents who were purposively selected. Data on nutritional knowledge was obtained through a questionnaire, energy intake was calculated based on 24-hour recall, and nutritional status was measured using body mass index (BMI). Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-Square test to determine the relationship between the independent variables and the nutritional status of the elderly. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between nutrition knowledge (p=0.043), energy consumption (p=0.012), and family income (p=0.001) with the nutritional status of the elderly. This study confirms the importance of proper nutrition education and family economic support in maintaining and improving the nutritional status of the elderly in rural communities
Analysis of Factors Associated with Malnutritions Among Children Under Five in East Kalimantan Province: A Secondary Data Study
This study aims to analyze factors associated with malnutrition among children under five in East Kalimantan Province using secondary data from 2021-2023. The dependent variable is the proportion of malnutrition, including underweight, stunting, and wasting. Independent variables include the proportion of low birth weight (LBW), complete basic immunization (CBI) coverage, adolescent pregnancy (<19 years), sanitation access, and poverty rate. Multiple linear regression analysis found that these five variables simultaneously have a significant effect on malnutrition prevalence (p=0.025) with a coefficient of determination of 39.5%. CBI coverage was identified as the most significant predictor of malnutrition (p=0.02). These findings highlight the importance of immunization, prevention of adolescent pregnancy, improved sanitation, and poverty reduction to address malnutrition. The study provides a policy basis for enhancing nutrition intervention programs in the region.
Balancing Medical Knowledge with Behavioral Strategies: Content Characteristics of High-Performing Pediatric Diabetes Videos on Indonesian TikTok
Pediatric diabetes has become rapidly growing, with epidemiological projections indicating that nearly half of children with type 1 diabetes remained undiagnosed globally, while type 2 diabetes prevalence among youth increased more markedly than type 1 diabetes in several regions. This research aimed to conduct a comprehensive content analysis of the fifteen most highly engaged pediatric diabetes educational videos on TikTok within the Indonesian digital landscape over the past six months. The research method employed a quantitative content analysis design conducted on May 28, 2025, analyzing TikTok content using the keyword "diabetes anak" within the Indonesian digital domain. Results showed that documentary content dominated (93.3%), with "Foundational Medical Knowledge" and "Behavioral Health Management" each appearing in 66.7% of videos, while "Optimistic Messaging" and "Self-Efficacy Enhancement" were each present in 60% of content. Word cloud analysis revealed that practical diabetes management terminology such as "insulin," "diabetes," "makanan" (food), and "anak-anak" (children) dominated transcripts. Successful pediatric diabetes educational content on TikTok combined medical accuracy with authentic narratives and empowerment-focused messaging to achieve optimal audience engagement. Keywords: pediatric diabetes, TikTok, content analysis, digital health education
Internet Addiction Behavior among Faculty of Public Health student at Tadulako University
Central Sulawesi ranked the highest mental emotional disorders at the age of> 15 years in all of Indonesia, which was 19.8 per 1000 households. Teens and students were more susceptible to internet addiction due to the duration and daily activities they used. This study aims to analyze internet addiction behavior among student in Faculty of Public Health, Tadulako University. This study used a mix method with an explanatory sequential mixed model where researchers conduct quantitative data collection (univariate) (n=198) first, then conduct qualitative (16) with informants selected based on criteria. The data showed that of 198 students, had a mild internet addiction rate (113) medium (80), heavy (1) and normal (4). Internet addiction behavior among students has shown signs of overuse, has an effect on depression, the raises other unhealthy behaviors in daily life. Internet addiction has had a negative impact for student such health and behavior. Health impacts especially for emotional or psychology and other unhealthy behavior.
Representation of KRIS Policy in Indonesian Online Media Reporting: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study of 2025 Pre-Implementation
The JKN standard inpatient class (KRIS) policy provides significant benefits for the Indonesian people, however, the implementation of KRIS in hospitals is a complex process and there are still many challenges that must be faced in the KRIS implementation plan. The determination of the KRIS policy based on Government Regulation Number 47 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Hospital Sector Article 84 letter b, will be implemented no later than January 1, 2023. However, the implementation of the BPJS Kesehatan KRIS has been postponed until January 1, 2025 so that hospitals can prepare the 12 standards that must be met when the KRIS service is officially opened in all hospitals in Indonesia. This research is expected explore on how is the pre-implementation policy of KRIS in Indonesia through Indonesian online news portals. This study used a qualitative analysis approach to online news portal content that aims to explain the KRIS policy in Indonesia. The sample of this study is national online media news about the KRIS policy published between January - May 2025. The researcher used the keyword "KRIS" and searched four (4) online news portals. MAXQDA software was also used as a data analysis tool in this study. The features used include Word Cloud and word frequency to understand the main concept. The results show that there are 7 dominant topics in the coverage of well-known online media in Indonesia related to the KRIS policy in Indonesia. The topic of KRIS policy challenges in Indonesia is the most dominant topic with 33 quotes (31%).
Maternal Factors as Determinants of Stunting in Children Under Five Years Old: A Systematic Review
Stunting remains a pervasive public health concern, particularly in developing countries such as Indonesia. The etiology of stunting in toddlers is multifactorial, with one potential causative factor being maternal. The objective of this study is to examine extant studies that are pertinent in identifying maternal factors for the incidence of stunting in toddlers in Indonesia. The present study is a systematic review, meticulously organized according to the PRISMA flowchart method. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using three major electronic databases: Garuda Portal, Pubmed, and Science Direct. The selection of articles was based on the most recent three years of publications, commencing from 2022 to 2025. A total of 2,042 publications were identified through three online databases, and 12 articles were deemed eligible for analysis. The results of the analysis demonstrated that maternal characteristics (i.e., age, education, income, height, nutritional status, parity, and birth spacing) and maternal health conditions during pregnancy (i.e., weight gain, infectious diseases, history of anemia, and chronic energy deficiency) were significantly associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five in Indonesia. Additionally, maternal parenting related to nutrition fulfillment (i.e., exclusive breastfeeding and feeding practices) was associated with the incidence of stunting in children under five in Indonesia.
The Effectiveness of Health Education Using Truth or Dare Cards on Motivation to Maintain Female Reproductive Health at SMKN 14 Samarinda
The lack of personal hygiene habits among adolescent girls can increase the risk of various health problems, particularly those related to the female reproductive system, such as cervical cancer. According to data from the Global Cancer Observatory (2022), there were 662,301 cases of cervical cancer worldwide (14.1%), with 348,874 deaths or approximately 7.1%. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the Truth or Dare card media in increasing the motivation of female students at SMKN 14 Samarinda to maintain reproductive health. This research employed a pre-experimental method with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. A total of 67 students were selected using total sampling. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test showed an increase in the percentage of students with high motivation from 69.8% to 100%, and positive attitudes from 73% to 96.8% after the intervention. The Truth or Dare card media proved effective in enhancing motivation to maintain reproductive health, with a significance value of ρ = 0.000. It can be concluded that this media positively influences the motivation of female students at SMKN 14 Samarinda.
Patient Education About Drug Side Effects on Compliance in Taking Antihypertension Medication: A Rapid Review
Treatment compliance is a determinant of the success of therapy, especially in the treatment of hypertension. Education is one way that can be done to influence and increase knowledge of the importance of adherence to treatment to achieve successful antihypertensive drug therapy. Objective: to review articles regarding the influence of education about drug side effects and adherence to taking antihypertensive drugs. Method : review . Results: The results of the educational search study influenced knowledge and compliance in taking hypertension medication. There was a significant difference before and after education was provided regarding adherence to taking antihypertensive medication.
Pop-Up Book As A Health Education Media On Smoking Prevention For Elementary School Students
Smoking behavior and smoking-related diseases were global health problems. The prevalence of school-age child smokers in Samarinda city has increased in the last three years. The study aimed to analyze the effect of health education with pop-up book media on knowledge and motivation to prevent smoking in students of SDN 009 Loa Janan Ilir. The type of research was a pre-experimental study with a one group pretest-posttest design. Research intervention was applied through health education with pop-up book media. The research sample was amounted to 67 fifth-grade students of SDN 009 Loa Janan Ilir which determined by total sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires. The research data were tested statistically using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the number of students who had good knowledge increased by 47 people (70.1%) and positive motivation increased by 29 people (46.3%). The results of statistical analysis showed that there was an effect of pop-up book media health education on the knowledge (ρ-value = 0.000) and motivation of respondents (ρ-value = 0.002) about smoking prevention. Pop-up book media was effective as a health education media on smoking prevention for primary students.
Assesment of Healthy Housing Sanitation in Bengkuring Residence Area, North Sempaja Sub-Dictrict, Samarinda City
The home plays an important role as a place of protection and family development to create a healthy physical, mental, and social life. The condition of a clean home that meets health standards can reduce the risk of environmentally-based diseases. Healthy home criteria require the achievement of proper lighting, ventilation, clean water, and adequate sanitation facilities. This study aims to evaluate the sanitation conditions of housing and settlements and conduct an inspection of healthy home criteria in housing areas in Bengkuring. This research method is descriptive, using direct observation and interviews. The research sample consists of 30 households selected through purposive sampling. The results show that of the 30 homes inspected, 47% were categorized as unhealthy. Contributing factors include the location of the homes on swampland, the presence of waste dumps, the use of non-ideal building materials, and homeownership by individuals who are no longer productive. There is a need for more attention to lighting, wastewater disposal, air circulation, and natural light inside the house. Additionally, increasing public understanding and awareness is crucial to creating housing that meets health standards