The Relationship between Rainfall and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in Stormwater Runoff within a Coal Mining Stockpile Area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30872/gcgbn245Keywords:
hydrology, storm water, drainage, tropicalAbstract
This study aimed to analyze the relationship between rainfall characteristics and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) concentrations in stormwater runoff within a coal mining stockpile area. The study is considered important because it provides a scientific basis for understanding the influence of rainfall on TSS concentrations, while also supporting the evaluation of sediment control measures, operational improvements, and the development of sustainable environmental management policies. The data used in this study consisted of inlet TSS concentrations and daily rainfall records, which were categorized into rainfall measurements on the same day as TSS sampling (H0), rainfall measurements one day prior to TSS sampling (H1), rainfall measurements two days prior to TSS sampling (H2), and the cumulative rainfall from these three rainfall measurement variations. Observations were conducted at a monitoring point located in Loa Kulu Kota Village, Loa Kulu District, during the 2019–2025 period. The analysis was performed using polynomial regression statistics and correlation tests. The results showed that the average TSS concentration was relatively low (<100 mg/L), although several extreme spikes reaching up to 750 mg/L were recorded. In contrast, rainfall exhibited a more stable pattern (<150 mm). Polynomial regression analysis produced low coefficients of determination (R²), with the highest value observed under the H0 condition (R² = 0.1476), while H1 and H2 yielded only 0.0242 and 0.0088, respectively. Correlation tests further indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between rainfall and TSS concentrations (p > 0.05). These findings suggest that increases in TSS concentrations are more strongly influenced by non-hydrological factors, such as mining operational activities, land cover conditions, and the effectiveness of sediment control infrastructure.
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